Camera

Distance and Angles


Long Shot (LS) - This shot allows the veiwer to veiw most of, if not all, of a particular subject also revealing the background a scenery.
Extreme Long Shot (ELS) - This shot is mainly intended to establish the suroundings. It's set at a far distance emphasisingh the background.
Establishing Shot (ELS) - Often used at the beggining of feature films. It allows audience to get to grips with the surropundings, allowing them to understand fully where they are.
Mid-Shots (MS) - In this shot there is roughly an equal amount of screening between the subject and the background. Normally shot above waist height, emphasising the top half of their body. This particular shot is often used to create a conversation between two actors on screen, switching beetween the two to create a a sence of actually being part of the conversation.
Close-up/Extreme Close-up (CU)(ECU) - Creates a highly dramatic feel. Most commonly used on a actors facial expression in great detail, fitting whole screen. It focuses the audience's attention on the feeling and reaction of a situation.

Movement

Zoom - While zooming the camera doesn't move. Its used to go from a long shot all the way to a close up whilst still maintaining a continuous picture flow. This is achevied by magnifying the subject. Zooming in and out reveals more or less of a scene bringing focus to to a wider or lesser range of objects.
Following Pan - This term means that the camera is still in a static position, however it swivles on a specific point. Its used to follow a subject with a space left infront.
Surveying Pan - Still in fixed a position, the camera slowly turns left or right to search a scene.
Tilt - Camera tilts up and down
Crab - Camera moves left or right
Tracking - Camera itself is moved gently towards or away from a subject. Draws the veiwer closer or futher away, creating a more or less intence realationship with subject. Tracking further away often creates a distance between veiwer and subject.
Hand Held - Creates a jerky and bouncy image, sugesting a critcal or caotic scene. Can also be used a Pooint-of-Veiw (POV)
Prosess Shot - A shot infront of a rear projection creating a scence of movment when really they are stationary. Used in car scenes to make out like they are driving.